Archives
Origins and Opportunity
150 years of New Zealand entrepreneurship
Ian Hunter
Senior Lecturer, Department of Management and Employment Relations, The University of Auckland Business School, Auckland, New Zealand
Marie Wilson
Professor of Management and HOD, Department of Management and Employment Relations, The University of Auckland Business School, Auckland, New Zealand
Abstract
In this examination of New Zealand entrepreneurship in the period 1840 to 1990, we document the origins of New Zealand entrepreneurs, and explore the differences between New Zealand, UK, and United States entrepreneurial history.
Historical data is further analysed to depict the rise of alternative entrepreneurial growth strategies and the evolution of industry and financing structures, unique to the New Zealand business environment.
Keywords
entrepreneurship, New Zealand, business history, origins
References
Berghoff H and Möller R (1994) Tired pioneers and dynamic newcomers? A comparative essay on English and German entrepreneurial history, 1870-1914. Economic History Review 47(2): 62-87.
Borrie WD (1991) Immigration to New Zealand: 1854-1938. Canberra: Australian National University.
Cantillon R [1755] (1931) Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général, Henry Higgs (ed) London: Macmillan.
Carney M and Gedajlovic E (2002) The co-evolution of institutional environments and organizational strategies: the rise of Family Business Groups in the ASEAN region. Organization Studies 22: 1-24
Cassis Y (1997) Big Business: The European Experience in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cassis Y (2005) Company Founders. In Cassis Y and Minoglou IP (eds) Entrepreneurship in Theory and History: 149-162. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Casson M (2003) The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory (2nd edn) Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Casson M and Godley A (2005) Entrepreneurship and Historical Explanation. In Cassis Y and Minoglou IP (eds) Entrepreneurship in Theory and History: 25-60. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Catlin K and Matthews J (2002) Leading at the Speed of Growth: Journey from Entrepreneur to CEO. Denver: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
Chapman S (1967) The Early Factory Masters: The Transition to the Factory System in the Midlands Textile Industry. Devon: David and Charles.
Chetty SK (2003) Explosive international growth and problems of success amongst small to medium-sized firms. International Small Business Journal 21(1), pp 5-27.
Churchill NC and Lewis VL (1983) The five stages of small business growth. Harvard Business Review 61(3): 30-40.
Crouzet F (1985) The first industrialists: The problem of origins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eldred-Grigg S (1980) A Southern Gentry, New Zealanders who inherited the Earth. Auckland: Heinemann Reed.
Erickson C (1959) British industrialists: steel and hosiery 1850-1950. Cambridge: University Press.
Fleming G, Merrett D and Ville S (2004) The Big End of Town: Big Business and Corporate Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Frederick H and Bygrave W (2004) How we finance our new and growing firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 1(3/4): 287-293.
Frederick H (2004) Informal investing outweighs classic venture capital in New Zealand. Australian Venture Capital Journal 19: 32-33.
Gardner WJ (1992) A Colonial Economy. In Rice GW (ed) The Oxford History of New Zealand (2nd edn) Auckland: Oxford University Press.
Gartner W (1985) A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review 10: 696-706.
Grant D (1997) Bulls, bears and elephants: a history of the New Zealand Stock Exchange. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
Greiner LE (1972) Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review 50(4): 37-47.
Hamer DA (1979) Towns in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of History 13(1): 5-24.
Hatton TJ and Williamson JG (1998) The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. New York: Oxford University Press.
Honeyman K (1982) Origins of enterprise: Business leadership in the industrial revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Hunter I, and Wilson M (2003) Tapping our entrepreneurial heritage. University of Auckland Business Review (5)1:19-28.
Hunter I (2005) Risk, Persistence, and Focus: A Lifecycle of the Entrepreneur. Australian Economic History Review 45(3): 244-272.
Hunter I. and Morrow D (2006) A Welcome Renaissance: Business History in New Zealand. In Hunter I and Morrow D (eds) City of Enterprise - Perspectives on Auckland Business History: 1-7. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Jones SRH and Paul DR (1991) Concentration and Regulation in the New Zealand Brewing Industry, 1850-1970. Australian Economic History Review 31(2):66-93.
Jones SRH (1994) The Establishment and Operation of European Business. In Deeks J and Enderwick P (eds) Business and New Zealand Society: 43-66.
Knight FH (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
McAloon J (2002) No Idle Rich: the Wealthy in Canterbury and Otago, 1840-1914. Dunedin: University of Otago Press.
McMillan J (2004) Quantifying Creative Destruction: Entrepreneurship and Productivity in New Zealand. Motu Working Paper 04-07. Wellington: Motu Economic and Public Policy Research Trust.
Marshall A (1910) Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan.
Miller W (1949) American historians and the business elite. Journal of Economic History 9: 184-208.
Mills CW (1945) The American business elite: A collective portrait. Journal of Economic History 5: 20-44.
Morley R (2005) From Local to Global: Auckland Accounting Partnerships. In Hunter I and Morrow D (eds) City of Enterprise - Perspectives on Auckland Business History: 220-231. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Morrow D (2005) A Business to Business Relationship: The Origin and Development of Auckland Newspapers, 1841-2004. In Hunter I and Morrow D (eds) City of Enterprise - Perspectives on Auckland Business History: 152-176. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
OECD (2001) The new economy: Beyond the Hype: The OECD growth project. Paris: OECD.
Olssen E (1995) Building the New World: Work, politics and society in Caversham 1880s-1920s. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Rose M (1993) Beyond Buddenbrooks: the family firm and the management of succession in nineteenth-century Britain. In Brown J and Rose M (eds) Entrepreneurship, Networks and Modern Business: 127-143. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Saracheck B (1978) American entrepreneurs and the Horatio Alger myth. Journal of Economic History 38: 439-456.
Saracheck B (1980) Jewish American entrepreneurs. Journal of Economic History 42: 359-372.
Schumpeter JA (1947) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (2nd edn) London: George Allen Unwin.
Shane S (2003) A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual- Opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Singleton J (2005) Auckland Business: The National and International Context. In Hunter I and Morrow D (eds) City of Enterprise - Perspectives on Auckland Business History: 8-26. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Smiles S [1859] 2002. Self-help, with illustrations of character, conduct, and perseverance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Spiller C and Erakovic L (2005) Flourishing on the edge: Whale Watch Kaikoura, In Wilson M (ed) Case in Point. Auckland: GSE Publications.
Stone RCJ (1973) Makers of Fortune; a Colonial Business Community and its Fall. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Ville S (2000) The Rural Entrepreneurs: a History of the Stock and Station Agent Industry in Australia and New Zealand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ville S and Boyce G (2002) The Development of Modern Business. New York: Palgrave.
Zhu Y, Frederick H and Walker V (2004) Communicating entrepreneurship and ethnicity in New Zealand. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 1 (3/4): 273-279.
eContent Home
